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There is a long history of women in mathematics in the United States. ==Timeline== 1829: The first public examination of an American girl in geometry was held. 1886: Winifred Edgerton Merrill became the first American woman to earn a PhD in mathematics, which she earned from Columbia University. 1913: Mildred Sanderson published her theorem about modular invariants in her thesis. It states: “To any modular invariant i of a system of forms under any group G of linear transformations with coefficients in the GF(), there corresponds a formal invariant I under G such that I = i for all sets of values in the field of the coefficients of the system of forms.” She was Leonard Dickson’s first female graduate student, and he later wrote of her thesis, “This paper is a highly important contribution to this field of work; its importance lies partly in the fact that it establishes a correspondence between modular and formal invariants. Her main theorem has already been frequently quoted on account of its fundamental character. Her proof is a remarkable piece of mathematics.” E.T. Bell wrote, “Miss Sanderson’s single contribution (1913) to modular invariants has been rated by competent judges as one of the classics of the subject.” 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mildred Leonora Sanderson )〕 1927: Anna Pell-Wheeler became the first woman to present a lecture at the American Mathematical Society Colloquium.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prizes, Awards, and Honors for Women Mathematicians )〕 1943: Euphemia Haynes became the first African-American woman to earn a Ph.D. in mathematics, which she earned from Catholic University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Euphemia Lofton Haynes, first african american woman mathematician )〕 1949: Gertrude Mary Cox became the first woman elected into the International Statistical Institute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gertrude Mary Cox )〕 1962: Mina Rees became the first woman to win the Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics, which is the most prestigious award made by the Mathematical Association of America.〔 1966: Mary Layne Boas published ''Mathematical Methods in the Physical Sciences'', an undergraduate textbook that is still widely used in college classrooms. 1970: Mina Rees became the first female president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mina Rees )〕 1971: Mary Ellen Rudin discovered a topological space known as a Dowker space, whose existence had remained unsettled despite 20 years of considerable efforts by general topologists. The modern and active branch of set theory and logic owes much to the discoveries of Mary Ellen Rudin. 1971: The Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) was founded. It is a professional society whose mission is to encourage women and girls to study and to have active careers in the mathematical sciences, and to promote equal opportunity for and the equal treatment of women and girls in the mathematical sciences. It is incorporated in the state of Massachusetts.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About AWM - AWM Association for Women in Mathematics )〕 1971: The Joint Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences (JCW), was founded as a committee of the American Mathematical Society (AMS). It is now a joint committee of seven mathematical and statistical societies which works to identify mechanisms for the enhancement of opportunities for women in the mathematical and statistical sciences, recommend actions to the governing bodies of the member societies in support of these opportunities, and document its recommendations by presenting data.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=JCW-Math | Joint Committee on Women in the Mathematical Sciences )〕 1973: Jean Taylor published her dissertation on “Regularity of the Singular Set of Two-Dimensional Area-Minimizing Flat Chains Modulo 3 in R3” which solved a long-standing problem about length and smoothness of soap-film triple function curves.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jean Taylor )〕 1974: Joan Birman published the book ''Braids, Links, and Mapping Class Groups''. It has become a standard introduction, with many of today’s researchers having learned the subject through it. 1975–1977: Marjorie Rice, who had no formal training in mathematics beyond high school, discovered three new types of tessellating pentagons and more than sixty distinct tessellations by pentagons. 1975: Julia Robinson became the first female mathematician elected to the National Academy of Sciences.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Profiles of Women in Mathematics: Julia Robinson )〕 1979: Dorothy Lewis Bernstein became the first female president of the Mathematical Association of America. 1979: Mary Ellen Rudin became the first woman to present the Earle Raymond Hedrick Lectures; these lectures were established by the Mathematical Association of America in 1952 to present to the Association a lecturer of known skill as an expositor of mathematics "who will present a series of at most three lectures accessible to a large fraction of those who teach college mathematics." 〔 1981: Doris Schattschneider became the first female editor of ''Mathematics Magazine'', a refereed bimonthly publication of the Mathematical Association of America.〔.〕〔.〕 1983: Julia Robinson became the first female president of the American Mathematical Society.〔 1983: Julia Robinson became the first female mathematician to be awarded a MacArthur Fellowship.〔 1988: Doris Schattschneider became the first woman to present the J. Sutherland Frame Lectures, which are presented at the summer meeting of the Mathematical Association of America.〔 1992: Gloria Gilmer became the first woman to deliver a major National Association of Mathematicians lecture (it was the Cox-Talbot address).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gloria Ford Gilmer )〕 1995: Margaret Wright became the first female president of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.〔 1996: Joan Birman became the first woman to receive the Chauvenet Prize, which is awarded annually by the Mathematical Association of America to the author of an outstanding expository article on a mathematical topic by a member of the association.〔 1998: Melanie Wood became the first female American to make the U.S. International Math Olympiad Team. She won silver medals in the 1998 and 1999 International Mathematical Olympiads.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The New York Times )〕 2002: Melanie Wood became the first American woman and second woman overall to be named a Putnam Fellow in 2002. Putnam Fellows are the top five (or six, in case of a tie) scorers on The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Duke Magazine-Where Are They Now?-January/February 2010 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Melanie Wood: The Making of a Mathematician - Cogito )〕 2004: Melanie Wood became the first woman to win the Frank and Brennie Morgan Prize for Outstanding Research in Mathematics by an Undergraduate Student. It is an annual award given to an undergraduate student in the US, Canada, or Mexico who demonstrates superior mathematics research. 2004: Alison Miller became the first ever female gold medal winner on the U.S. International Math Olympiad Team.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Math Forum @ Drexel: Congratulations, Alison! )〕 2006: Stephanie Petermichl at the University of Texas at Austin became the first woman to win the Salem Prize, which is awarded every year to a young mathematician judged to have done outstanding work in Salem's field of interest, primarily Fourier series and related areas in analysis.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of women in mathematics in the United States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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